Blood Biochemical Parameters and Lysosomal Enzyme Activity in Experimental Models of Arterial Hypertension and The Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Therapy

Abstract

Summary. The aim of the study was to establish an experimental model of hypertension in rabbits and to evaluate biochemical blood parameters, the activity of lysosomal enzymes, the microscopic structure of the heart and aorta, as well as the effectiveness of the administered fixed triple antihypertensive therapy
Research materials and methods. The experiment has included 23 rabbits of Chinchilla breed weighing 2.5-3.0 kg, which the AH model has been created in. Of these, 8 rabbits which have not received antihypertensive therapy (AHT) have made up the control group. After 4 weeks of model creation, AHT has been started in 15 rabbits of the main group within 1 month. Over the course of 8 weeks, maximal (SBP) and minimal arterial therapy (DBP) have been measured in rabbits using a veterinary electronic tanometer. Along with this, the level of creatinine, urea, residual nitrogen in the blood plasma, the activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the CK fraction of creatinine phosphokinase (CK- KFK) have been determined, ECG studies have been performed. All rabbits have been prescribed Exforge H (80/12.5/5 mg and 160/25/10 mg), choosing an individual dose depending on blood pressure once a day per os. The hearts of the decapitated rabbits were removed from the body and weighed using an electronic balance. After macroscopic examinations, the hearts were dissected into sections and fixed in 10% formalin solution. Tissue samples obtained from the aorta and various regions of the heart were processed using standard histological techniques in the Morphology and Histology Department of ETM. Subsequently, histological slides were prepared, stained with hematoxylin–eosin, and examined under a SKOPE (Netherlands) microscope
Results. During the study, along with an increase in blood pressure, an increase in the level of creatinine, residual nitrogen and urine in the blood plasma has been revealed when creating a model of hypertension, which has been accompanied by an increase during the month. A decrease in the activity of the enzyme LDH and MV-KFK has been also noted. After the therapy hold for 1 month, positive dynamics have been found both in the level of blood pressure and indicators of biochemical analysis. Since creatinine concentration has decreased by 28.5%, residual nitrogen – by 36%, urea – by 40%, LDH activity has increased by 30%, MV-KFK by 40%.
Conclusion. Thus, in the arterial hypertension (AH) model, a dynamic assessment of lysosomal enzyme activity in the blood demonstrates a decrease in the LDH and CK-MB fractions, while cardiac remodeling continues to develop. Under fixed triple antihypertensive therapy, an increase in lysosomal enzyme activity is observed, indicating that the components of this combination exert multidirectional effects on cellular metabolism.Additionally, the fixed antihypertensive combination exerts only a modest influence on the cardiac remodeling processes that have developed secondary to elevated arterial pressure—namely, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis.