Cardiac Effects of sST2 Receptors: A Literature Review

Abstract

Continuous identification of new parameters and biomarkers is essential for improving the clinical assessment of patients with heart failure (HF). In recent years, the ST2 protein has emerged as a promising biomarker in cardiovascular diseases.
ST2 is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family and exists in two main isoforms: the membrane-bound ST2L and the soluble form, sST2. While ST2L exerts cardioprotective activity, sST2 blocks the ST2L–IL-33 interaction, promotes fibroblast activation, and contributes to myocardial fibrosis, thereby diminishing the beneficial effects of ST2L. Consequently, sST2 has gained attention as a clinically relevant biomarker and therapeutic target in heart failure and cardiac remodelling.
This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the cardiac effects of sST2 receptors and discusses their therapeutic implications. Current findings indicate that modulation of the sST2 pathway may reduce ventricular remodelling, fibrosis, and overall HF risk, presenting a promising direction for future therapies.