Prognostic Significance of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Myocardial Fibrosis in Assessing Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Abstract

A significant proportion of patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) fail to respond despite standard selection criteria. This review examines the prognostic value of biomarkers related to myocardial stress (NT-proBNP), fibrosis (galectin-3, sST2), and inflammation (hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-6) in predicting CRT outcomes. NT-proBNP remains the most reliable marker, with reductions post-CRT indicating favorable response. Elevated levels of sST2 and galectin-3 are linked to adverse events and non-response. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical scoring systems may enhance patient stratification, though variability and lack of standardization remain challenges.